幽玄 The Two Main Elements In Noh Acting Were Monomane, “an Imitation Of Things,” Or The Representational

幽玄 The Two Main Elements In Noh Acting Were Monomane, “an Imitation Of Things,” Or The Representational

幽玄 The two main elements in Noh acting were monomane, “an imitation of things,” or the representational aspect, and 幽玄 yūgen, the symbolic aspect and spiritual core of the Noh, which took precedence and which became the touchstone of excellence in the Noh. Zeami wrote, “The essence of yūgen is true beauty and gentleness,” but not mere outward beauty: it had to suggest behind the text of the plays and the noble gestures of the actors a world impossible to define yet ultimately real. Such plays as Matsukaze, written by Kan’ami and adapted by Zeami, have a mysterious stillness that seems to envelop the visible or audible parts of the work. In other of Zeami’s dramas there is less yūgen and more action and, occasionally, even realism. Yūgen (幽玄) is one of the important concepts in traditional Japanese aesthetics. The exact translation of the word depends on the context. In the Chinese philosophical texts the term was taken from, 幽玄 yūgen meant “dim”, “deep” or “mysterious”. In the criticism of Japanese waka poetry, it was used to describe the subtle profundity of things that are only vaguely suggested by the poems. Yūgen is said to mean “a profound, mysterious sense of the beauty of the universe… and the sad beauty of human suffering”. Yūgen suggests that beyond what can be said but is not an allusion to another world. It is about this world, this experience. Ortolani, 325). Ortolani, Benito. The Japanese Theatre. Princeton University Press: Princeton, 1995

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