GIMP Too Works As A Great Substitute For Photoshop! Also Super Vouching For LibreOffice, Writer Is Fantastic

To Write Better Antagonists, Have Them Embody the Protagonist's Struggles

(Spoilers for The Devil Wears Prada, Avatar the Last Airbender, Kung Fu Panda 2, and The Hunger Games triology).

Writing antagonists and villains can be hard, especially if you don't know how to do so.

I think a lot of writers' first impulse is to start off with a placeholder antagonist, only to find that this character ends up falling flat. They finish their story only for readers to find the antagonist is not scary or threatening at all.

Often the default reaction to this is to focus on making the antagonist meaner, badder, or scarier in whatever way they can- or alternatively they introduce a Tragic Backstory to make them seem broken and sympathetic. Often, this ends up having the exact opposite effect. Instead of a compelling and genuinely terrifying villain, the writer ends up with a Big Bad Edge Lord who the reader just straight up does not care about, or actively rolls their eyes at (I'm looking at you, Marvel).

What makes an antagonist or villain intimidating is not the sheer power they hold, but the personal or existential threat they pose to the protagonist. Meaning, their strength as a character comes from how they tie into the themes of the story.

To show what I mean, here's four examples of the thematic roles an antagonist can serve:

1. A Dark Reflection of the Protagonist

The Devil Wears Prada

Miranda Priestly is initially presented as a terrible boss- which she is- but as the movie goes on, we get to see her in a new light. We see her as an bonafide expert in her field, and a professional woman who is incredible at what she does. We even begin to see her personal struggles behind the scenes, where it’s clear her success has come at a huge personal cost. Her marriages fall apart, she spends ever waking moment working, and because she’s a woman in the corporate world, people are constantly trying to tear her down.

The climax of the movie, and the moment that leaves the viewer most disturbed, does not feature Miranda abusing Andy worse than ever before, but praising her. Specifically, she praises her by saying “I see a great deal of myself in you.” Here, we realize that, like Miranda, Andy has put her job and her career before everything else that she cares about, and has been slowly sacrificing everything about herself just to keep it. While Andy's actions are still a far cry from Miranda's sadistic and abusive managerial style, it's similar enough to recognize that if she continues down her path, she will likely end up turning into Miranda.

In the movie's resolution, Andy does not defeat Miranda by impressing her or proving her wrong (she already did that around the half way mark). Instead, she rejects the values and ideals that her toxic workplace has been forcing on her, and chooses to leave it all behind.

2. An Obstacle to the Protagonist's Ideals

Avatar: The Last Airbender

Fire Lord Ozai is a Big Bad Baddie without much depth or redemptive qualities. Normally this makes for a bad antagonist (and it's probably the reason Ozai has very little screen time compared to his children), but in Avatar: The Last Airbender, it works.

Why?

Because his very existence is a threat to Aang's values of nonviolence and forgiveness.

Fire Lord Ozai cannot be reasoned with. He plans to conquer and burn down the world, and for most of the story, it seems that the only way to stop him is to kill him, which goes against everything Aang stands for. Whether or not Aang could beat the Fire Lord was never really in question, at least for any adults watching the show. The real tension of the final season came from whether Aang could defeat the Fire Lord without sacrificing the ideals he inherited from the nomads; i.e. whether he could fulfill the role of the Avatar while remaining true to himself and his culture.

In the end, he manages to find a way: he defeats the Fire Lord not by killing him, but by stripping him of his powers.

3. A Symbol of the Protagonist's Inner Struggle

Kung Fu Panda 2

Kung Fu Panda 2 is about Po's quest for inner peace, and the villain, Lord Shen, symbolizes everything that's standing in his way.

Po and Lord Shen have very different stories that share one thing in common: they both cannot let go of the past. Lord Shen is obsessed with proving his parents wrong and getting vengeance by conquering all of China. Po is struggling to come to terms with the fact that he is adopted and is desperate to figure out who he is and why he ended up left in a box of radishes as a baby.

Lord Shen symbolizes Po's inner struggle in two main ways: one, he was the source of the tragedy that separated him from his parents, and two, he reinforces Po's negative assumptions about himself. When Po realizes that Lord Shen knows about his past and confronts him, Lord Shen immediately tells Po exactly what he's afraid of hearing: that his parents abandoned him because they didn't love him. Po and the Furious Five struggle to beat Shen not because he's powerful, but because Po can't let go of the past, and this causes him to repeatedly freeze up in battle, which Shen uses to his advantage.

Po overcomes Shen when he does the one thing Shen is incapable of: he lets go of the past and finds inner peace. Po comes to terms with his tragic past and recognizes that it does not define him, while Shen holds on to his obsession of defying his fate, which ultimately leads to his downfall.

4. A Representative of a Harsh Reality or a Bigger System

The Hunger Games

We don't really see President Snow do all that much on his own. Most of the direct conflict that Katniss faces, but with his underlings and the larger Capitol government. The few interactions we see between her and President Snow are mainly the two of them talking, and this is where we see the kind of threat he poses.

President Snow never lies to Katniss, not even once, and this is the true genius behind his character. He doesn't have to lie to or deceive Katniss, because the truth is enough to keep her complicit.

Katniss knows that fighting Snow and the Capital will lead to total war and destruction- the kind where there are survivors, but no winners. Snow tells her to imagine thousands upon thousands of her people dead, and that's exactly what happens. The entirety of District 12 gets bombed to ashes, Peeta gets brainwashed and turned into a human weapon, and her sister Prim, the very person she set out to protect at the beginning of the story, dies just before the Capitol's surrender. The districts won, but at a devastating cost.

Even after President Snow is captured and put up for execution, he continues to hurt Katniss by telling her the truth. He tells her that the bombs that killed her sister Prim were not sent by him, but by the people on her side. He brings to her attention that the rebellion she's been fighting for might just implement a regime just as oppressive and brutal as the one they overthrew and he's right.

In the end, Katniss is not the one to kill President Snow. She passes up her one chance to kill him to take down the new threat of President Coin.

Sprigatito, Fuecoco, and Quaxly travel into a fantasy realm.

this looks incredible. Look at this remarkable gator, just chillin'.

American Alligator - taken at one of the Disney hotels, during the zoo/exotic vet conference appropriately enough some years back

An excellent way to help others and progress research at the same time!

Want to contribute to citizen science projects?

Yeah? Then have I got a list for you!

Places to find citizen science projects:

NASA’s Citizen Science section – NASA maintains a page here with links to all their citizen science projects and initiatives—and they have a LOT. All projects are helpfully color-coded by category/domain.

Zooniverse – Very good website, LOTS of projects. “The world’s largest and most popular platform for people-powered research”.

SciStarter – Another good hub for finding projects. SO, SO many projects available!

A list of citizen science projects that have you playing games

Wikipedia

National Geographic – Nat Geo always maintains a list here of a lot of good ones.

This list on Gizmodo that I LOVE, 10/10

Society for Science – Not only do they have a lot of great citizen science projects linked, they also have sections to help you start your own citizen science projects too.

Smithsonian Institution – Come on, who DOESN’T want to help out the SMITHSONIAN?

Citizen science projects with iPhone apps:

iNaturalist – Take pictures of plants, fungi, animals, insects, etc. around you and contribute to scientific data repositories for researchers!

budburst – Help scientists find and monitor plants in your area and improve their research on plant conservation!

eBird – If you love birding or just want to contribute to research on bird populations and migrations, this is the project for you!

Spotteron – There are a LOT of apps for a variety of ongoing projects here, both at global and regional levels.

Globe Observer – Help NASA by providing data from down here on Earth!

Insight – Give scientists data they can use to help understand and save pollinators by snapping pics and tracking ones near you in observations!

River Survey/Ocean Survey apps – The Ocean Cleanup has put out two different apps for helping track the pollution in our water! River Survey asks citizens to help by going to a nearby river and starting to count the plastic they see. Ocean Survey asks anyone who goes out on the ocean to record any plastic debris they spot floating on the ocean.

Have fun, be safe, and happy researching!

#reptiles #snakes #adder

(Vipera berus)  common European adder

14 known fatalities since 1876. Systemic symptoms resulting from anaphylaxis can be dramatic. These may appear within 5 minutes post bite, or can be delayed for many hours. In severe cases, cardiovascular failure may occur.

Zack could use some help! The link to their Gumroad will be reblogged.

All of their stuff in Gumroad is GREAT! I recommend The Activity Club and The Final Hole and Everlasting!

gotta love some HLVRAI artwork.

soda!

Visualizations like this are so cool! It's always a blast to see the inner workings of how things like this come to life.

The Structure

South Korean drawing teacher An Jae Hyun (안재현) will clearly show you how to feel and correctly depict the structure of an object. This will help you learn and improve your drawing skills.

pnat secret santa 2023

Hi everyone, we're back for another year! Make sure to read through this post for the introduction, application form, and schedule!

What Is Paranatural Secret Santa?

Paranatural Secret Santa is an event that takes place during the holiday season. You get assigned to a person to make a gift for, you create that gift, and you also receive a gift! This secret Santa is themed after the webcomic Paranatural, so if you are a fan of it and create fan content, this is perfect for you!

Gifts can be fanart, fanfic, panel edits, graphics, ect! Whatever you feel like creating.

Application Form

You can apply for the Secret Santa here! (x)

Schedule

November 20th - December 6th: applications open

December 7th - December 10th: applications closed, assignments created and sent out

December 11th - December 24th: working period

December 25th - January 21st: posting/receiving/extension period

Since the event got up and running later than usual this year, we're extending the posting period into late January. Make sure to tag this blog in your post and also use the tag pnatsecretsanta2023 so your gift can be reblogged!

If you have any questions/comments/concerns feel free to contact us! Thanks everyone, and let's have another awesome Secret Santa!

Writers, please, please, please, I am begging you

I know we don't vibe with Mary Sues, and I know we like watching characters fail...

But if your character is the world's best assassin, they shouldn't be botching nearly every single step of every single job just because the plot demands it. If your character is one of the greatest fighters to ever live, they can't badly lose every single fight the plot throws at them and then barely win the final confrontation. If your character is a competent military strategist, they need at least a few small successes during the course of the plot. If your character is an experienced leader, they can't be constantly making the kind of missteps that realistically would cause their subordinates to lose confidence in them.

If your character is good at something. Show them being good at it.